Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as Adsorbent for Adsorption of Lead from Aqueous Solution
Abstract
Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) is the by product from burning of empty fruit bunches, shells and palm oil fibers, as fuel in palm oil mill boilers. This research focuses on the preparation of modified POFA as an adsorbent for adsorption of lead from aqueous solution. The modified POFA was prepared by chemical activation using sulphuric acid, H2SO4. Characterizations of unmodified POFA and modified POFA, before and after adsorption were carried out using Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (FESEM-EDX). The surface of POFA is mainly composed of oxygen (40.9 %) and silicon (12.4 %). Micrographs of unmodified POFA and modified POFA indicate spherical and irregular shapes. However, it was found that the modified POFA has a more porous structure that indicates a better adsorptive capability. The adsorption behaviour of lead from aqueous solution onto modified POFA was investigated via batch adsorption study to examine the effect of process variables, namely, pH, adsorbent dosage and temperature. The optimum conditions for the adsorption of lead onto modified POFA were found at solution pH 9, with adsorbent dosage of 0.7 g/L and the temperature of 318 K with equilibrium less than 180 minute at agitation rate of 150 rpm. The study shows that POFA can be effectively used as a potential adsorbent for adsorption of lead from aqueous solution
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