Phytochemicals and antioxidant profile of Pellacalyx Axillaris
Abstract
Pellacalyx axillaris (bebuloh) is a mangrove species belongs to Rhizophoraceae family. The ecology of this species takes place across various Southeast Asian countries including Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo, and the Philippines. In this study, both chemical components and antioxidant activity of different crude extracts from the leaves of P. axillaris have been investigated. Dried powdered leaves of P. axillaris were extracted through hot technique using three solvents of different polarities; n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Fractionation and purification of n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts via a series of chromatographic techniques yielded a total of three compounds, namely β-amyrin palmitate (1), (24S)-ethylcholesta-5,22,25-trien-3β-ol (2) and palmitic acid (3). Their structures were identified using spectroscopic methods including Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Maas Spectrometry (MS), IH and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and their values were in the range of 299 - 532 mg GA (gallic acid)/100 g. The evaluation of antioxidant activity of different crude extracts through the scavenging of free radical DPPH was in the order of methanol (IC50 = 34.4 μg/mL) > ethyl acetate (IC50 = 89.6 μg/mL) > n-hexane (IC50 = 858.3 μg/mL). A significantly positive correlation (R2 = 0.997) was obtained between TPC and the DPPH free radical scavenging at a concentration of 125 μg/mL, for all the crude extracts.
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